The DSM-5 Criteria of Adjustment Disorders

Adjustment disorder is a response to a significant stressor or life change that causes emotional or behavioral symptoms that impact daily functioning

Understanding Adjustment Disorder

Adjustment disorder is an inability to adjust to or cope with a particular stressor. This disorder can affect anyone, regardless of age or gender, and can result from a variety of life changes, from the death of a loved one to sudden changes in one’s career or personal life. This condition manifests within three months of the stressor’s occurrence and typically resolves within six months after the stressor or its consequences have ceased. 

DSM-5 Criteria for Adjustment Disorders

The DSM-5 outlines specific criteria to diagnose adjustment disorder:

Emotional or Behavioral Symptoms

Patients exhibit emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor(s) occurring within three months of the onset of the stressor(s).

Significant Distress

The stress-related disturbance is clinically significant, marked by distress that is out of proportion to the severity or intensity of the stressor, taking into account the external context and the cultural factors that might influence symptom severity and presentation.

Significant Impairment

The symptoms result in significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Exclusion of Other Disorders

The disturbance does not represent normal bereavement, is not a preexisting mental disorder, and does not meet the criteria for another mental disorder.

Types of Adjustment Disorders

Adjustment disorders can be specified further based on the predominant symptoms, which include:

• Depressed Mood: Sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enjoyment in life.
• Anxiety: Nervousness, worry, jitteriness, or separation anxiety in adults.
• Mixed Anxiety and Depressed Mood: A combination of depression and anxiety.
• Disturbance of Conduct: Violation of the rights of others, societal norms, and rules.
• Mixed Disturbance of Emotions: Emotional symptoms (depression, anxiety).

Living with Adjustment Disorder

Living with adjustment disorder presents unique challenges that need understanding and support. This condition can impact daily life and make routine tasks and relationships more difficult. However, with appropriate strategies and support, individuals can manage their symptoms effectively and maintain a fulfilling life.

Challenges and Overcoming Them

Individuals with adjustment disorder may face challenges, such as difficulty maintaining performance at work or school, strained personal relationships, and a decreased interest in previously enjoyed activities. To overcome these challenges, it is crucial to seek timely treatment. Early intervention increases the effectiveness of treatment and can prevent symptoms from worsening.

Understanding adjustment disorder helps manage expectations and reduce stigma. Educating friends and family can also foster a supportive environment that is important for recovery. Individuals need to adjust their expectations during their recovery period. Recognizing that some days will be harder than others can help maintain perspective and reduce frustration.

Long-term Management

Although adjustment disorder is considered a short-term condition, the coping skills and strategies learned during treatment can provide lasting benefits, like recognizing potential stressors early and applying effective coping strategies. Continuous engagement in therapy and support groups can also provide ongoing support and prevent relapse.

Daily Life and Coping Strategies

Routine and Structure: Establishing a consistent daily routine can provide stability and reduce feelings of uncertainty and stress. Individuals with adjustment disorder need to have a predictable schedule that includes time for work, rest, and activities they enjoy.

Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep are important for mental health. These habits can help reduce the intensity of symptoms and enhance overall well-being.

Social Support: Maintaining close relationships with family and friends provides emotional support. Sharing feelings and experiences with trusted individuals can alleviate the sense of isolation often accompanying this disorder.

Stress Management Techniques: Techniques such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, and yoga can be highly beneficial. They help manage the physical symptoms of stress and anxiety, which are common in adjustment disorders.

Professional Help: Regular sessions with a mental health professional are vital. Therapy can provide a safe space to explore feelings, develop coping strategies, and work through the stressors that triggered the disorder.

Treatment Approaches at Bangkok Mental Health Hospital

Adjustment disorder, while challenging, is manageable with the right approaches and support. Our comprehensive care and personalized treatment plans ensure each individual has the necessary tools and support. At BMHH, we specialize in the treatment of adjustment disorders, employing various therapeutic approaches tailored to each patient’s needs.. 

Our treatment modalities include psychotherapy, especially Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which helps patients develop coping mechanisms to deal with their stressors more effectively. While not always necessary, medications such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety drugs may be used to relieve symptoms. Joining support groups that provide an environment where individuals can share experiences and strategies is also an important coping strategy.

If you or someone you know is struggling with symptoms of an adjustment disorder, take a step toward recovery and consult with a mental health professional. Contact Bangkok Mental Health Hospital today to learn more about the DSM-5 criteria for adjustment disorder and specialized treatment options.