Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
What is it?
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of
sadness, loss of interest in activities, and a variety of emotional and physical problems. It
affects how you feel, think, and handle daily activities. MDD can range from mild to severe,
impacting daily life and functioning.
Symptoms
- Mild MDD:
- Persistent sadness or low mood
- Decreased interest in activities
- Fatigue or low energy
- Difficulty in sleeping or sleeping too much
- Moderate MDD:
- Significant weight changes
- Noticeable decrease in energy and activity
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
- Difficulty concentrating
- Severe MDD:
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
- Severe impairment in daily functioning
- Psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations)
How is it diagnosed?
MDD is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation and patient history. A
healthcare provider will assess symptoms, their duration, and their impact on daily life.
Diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
are often used, requiring at least five symptoms to be present for a minimum of two weeks.
How is it treated?
Treatment for MDD often involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) are common psychotherapeutic
approaches. Antidepressant medications, such as SSRIs and SNRIs, are frequently prescribed.
Lifestyle changes, including regular exercise and a healthy diet, can also support
treatment.
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